Cerebral Disorders
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
- IschemicCVA
–Thrombotic (cerebral thrombosis)
–Embolic (cerebral embolism)
–Transient (Transient Ischemic Attack – TIA)
- Hemorrhagic CVA
–Intra-axial: inside brain (a.k.a., intracerebral hemorrhage)
–Extra-axial: outside brain
- Subdural
- Subarachnoid
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
TBI Physical Problems:
- Coma
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Seizures
- Hydrocephalus
- Plegia /Paresis
- Dyskinesias
- Vision Changes
- Multiple Traumas (e.g., blunt chest trauma)
8 TBI Cognitive-Communicative Problems:
- Attention
- Orientation
- Memory
- New learning
- Thought organization
- Reasoning
- Problem solving
- Executive functions
Speech-Language Issues:
- Dysarthria
- Aphasia
- Apraxia of Speech
- Hearing loss
Cerebral Palsy:
is defined as a "Non-progressive brain disorder"
- Occurs before, at, or right after birth
- Causes include premature birth, anoxia, infections, brain hemorrhages, jaundice, and head injury
- 4 types: spastic CP, dyskinetic CP, ataxic CP, and mixed CP
- Symptoms include: muscle tone issues, dyskinesias, gait problems
Stuttering:
is defined as interruptions in the normal smoothness of oral language
- Interruptions called disfluencies
- There are “normal” disfluencies (e.g., “um”)
- There are “abnormal” disfluencies(e.g., “b-b-ball”)
- There may be brain differences in people who stutter (e.g., overactive right hemispheres)
