Neurology in the Speech Language Pathology Field

Everything You Need to Know!

Courtney Bochicchio, Michele Tardalo, and Christine Gianotti

Neurology is the study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system. In other words, it is the study of structures, their functions, and diseases of the nervous. There are two major parts of the nervous system: Central Nervous System, which includes the brain and the spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System, which includes spinal nerves and cranial nerves. Neurological problems can affect our family, friends, patients, and ourselves.
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The field & experts of Speech-Language Pathology

The field & experts of Speech-Language Pathology

Speech-language pathology is a field of expertise practiced by a clinician known as a speech-language pathologist, they work to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, voice, Fluency, cognitive-communication, feeding, and swallowing disorders in children and adults.

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Classifications

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Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists are necessary in the treatment of neurologically based communication disorders.

What is a Neurological Exam?

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Neurological Exam Tools

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Steps of the Neurological Exam

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Types of Imaging

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Body Sections

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Directional Terms

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Muscle Actions

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Dorsal Induction

GA: 3-7 weeks- Period when neural tube is formed

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Ventral Induction

GA; 2-3 months

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Neural Proliferation

GA: 3-4 months

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Neural Migration

GA: 3-5 months

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Cortical Organization and Synapse Formation

GA: 5 months to years

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Myelination

GA: birth to years after

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Intellectual Disability

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Brain Tumor

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome

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The Spinal Cord

Form, Function, Disorders

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Brainstem

Parts and Functions

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Cranial Nerves

Twelve Cranial Nerves: Origins, Functions, Problems

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Cerebellum

Functions, Testing, Disorders

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What is language?

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The 3 Parts of language

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The Neural Basis of Language

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Overview

Features, Hemispheres, Surfaces & Layers of the Cerebral Cortex

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Protection

The inside of the skull can be a very inhospitable place for the delicate brain.

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Nourishment

You can add any service you want or edit the ones that are already listed.

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Lobes of the Brain

What are the 4 major Lobes of the brain and what are their functions?

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Hemispheric Specialization: Hemispheric Dominance & Interhemispheric Connections

Incorporated structures, language dominance hemisphere

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Cerebral Disorders

Cerebral Disorders: Types, Causes, and Problems that come with them

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Brain Plasticity

What is Neuroplasticity? How does it relate to the functioning brain? What are the Principles?

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Cerebral Function

Brodmann's Map, Lobes & what areas they occupy, Cingulate & Insular Cortex's

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Broca's & Wernicke's Areas

Where are they located, discovered by who, & how they relate to Speech and Language

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What is a language disorder?

What is a language disorder?

Definition of a language disorders and what is consists of

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Aphasia

An acquired multimodality language disorder; results in a deficit in the ability to produce/comprehend written/spoken language due to damage of the brain.

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Reading Problems: Alexia

an acquired disorder of reading

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Writing Problems : Agraphia

an acquired disorder of writing

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The Diencephalon

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Basal Ganglia

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Brain Ventricles

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Emotional Intelligence and the SLP/Audiologist

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Theories of Emotion

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The Neural Basis of Emotion

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Disorders of Emotion

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The Oral Preparation Stage

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The Oral Stage

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The Pharyngeal Stage

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The Esophageal Stage

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Brainstem Involvement

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Subcortical and Cortical Controls

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Neurology of the Cough Response

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Neurology of Silent Aspiration

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Causes of Dysphagia

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Dysphagia Causes

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Swallowing Problems Associated with Neurological Damage

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An Introduction to Cognition

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Attention

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The Motor Speech System: Conceptual level

There are 8 levels of the Motor Speech System each providing a different purpose behind the neurology of speech

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Planning Level

Involves two parts: linguistic and motor planning

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Motor Programming Level

Motor programs involve the execution of phonemes in time and space.

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Motor Control Circuits

Basil Ganglia, Cerebellum: components, function etc.

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Direct Motor Pathway: "The Pyramidal System"

Function, damage etc.

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Speech Issues

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Indirect Motor System

The extrapyramidal system

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Final Common Pathway

How does it relate to speech?

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Apraxia of Speech

What is it? What to look for, hallmark etc.

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Sensory Pathways

How are they important and related to speech?

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Speech and Free Will

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Consciousness

The core of what we do every time we speak

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The Neurology of Consciouness

Reticular Activating System projects to the cerebral cortex.

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Conditions and their Effect on Consciousness

Dementia, Aphasia, and Epilepsy

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Conditions Related to Discussion of Conscious

Out-of-Body Experiences & Near-Death Experiences

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Coma Stimulation
Purpose: to speed emergence from coma
Systematic application of stimulation to a person’s five senses:
  1. Vision
  2. Hearing
  3. Smell
  4. Taste
  5. Touch
Auditory Brainstem Response
Measures electrical activity in auditory pathway as sound is introduced. Since patients with disorders of consciousness cannot respond to traditional tests of hearing  non-behavioral measures must be used. ABR does not require the patient to respond


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Hearing

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Peripheral Auditory Stages

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Central Auditory Stages

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Central Auditory System Disorders

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Balance

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Peripheral Vestibular System

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Central Vestibular System

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Vestibular Disorders

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All information provided on this sight is from... 

Rouse, M. H. (2016). Neuroanatomy for speech language pathology and audiology. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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